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Ham Radio 2000 #2
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COIL200
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COIL.DOC
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1997-03-09
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COIL.EXE version 2.00
Authors: Steve MOSHIER and Emil LAURENTIU
Last rev: Sunday, 29 September 1996
This program computes the electrical self inductance of various shapes and
sizes of air core coils and the LC circuit parameters at resonance:
USAGE:
Select the desired coil geometry from the menu. Enter mean diameter, length,
and thickness of winding, and total number of turns, as prompted. The
program will display the inductance then loop back for more input. "Mean
diameter" is the arithmetic average of the inner and outer diameters of the
winding; for a single layer coil it is measured to the center of the wire.
"Thickness," for a single layer coil, is the wire diameter (see below for
the correction for empty space in the winding).
For each item the previously entered value is displayed in parentheses and
will be kept if you just hit the carriage return key.
Wire gauge calculation, prompts for the wire gauge and the dimensions of a
rectangular area to be filled. It displays the wire diameter and the number
of turns that will fit into the indicated space.
The formulas for a multilayer circular solenoid were obtained from National
Bureau of Standards publications and are very accurate. They work for
arbitrary winding thickness and length. A flat spiral disc coil is obtained
by setting the length = 0.
Also very precise is the NBS formula for a helical solenoid of round wire.
It models the size of the wire and the nonuniform current density inside the
wire. The only low precision formula included is the one for a multilayer
square solenoid; it is an approximation from the CRC handbook.
In the case of a single-turn loop or a straight piece of wire, a skin effect
correction is computed. This requires that you enter the frequency of
operation. The wire is then assumed to have the conductivity of copper.
Unless the wire diameter or winding thickness is explicitly requested, the
coil is modeled as a zero thickness current sheet. Except for the circular
solenoid of round wire, the formulas assume uniform current density
throughout the winding, modified only when skin effect is included.
In the cases that assume uniform current density, there is no correction for
empty space in the winding. An approximate correction for close-wound coils
is (Rosa, 1906)
dL = 0.00097 d N
where d is the mean diameter of the winding, in centimeters, and N is the
total number of turns. This correction, in microhenrys, is added to the
inductance.
All calculations assume both the core material and the wire are nonmagnetic.
For magnetic cores a correction factor (mu) can be used.
FILES:
coil.c main program for coil calculator
coil.doc this file
makefile.wat Watcom makefile
makefile.bor Borland makefile
formulae.c inductance formulas from NBS publications
lyle.h approximations to Lyle's tables
mathl.c elliptic integrals and other math functions
tables.c computes tables found in engineering handbooks
textrout.asm routines for directly writing text on the screen
OPTIONS:
Use /b on the command line for black and white colors.
The program may be configured to accept dimensions in either millimeters,
centimeters or inches.
REFERENCES:
Grover 1918:
Frederick W. Grover, "Additions to Inductance Formulas,"
Sci. Pap. #320, Bulletin of the Bureau of Standards 14, 555-570
Grover 1922a:
Frederick W. Grover, "Tables for the calculation of the
inductance of circular coils of rectangular cross section," Sci.
Pap. #455, Scientific Papers of the Bureau of Standards 18,
451-487 (1922)
Grover 1922b:
Frederick W. Grover, "Formulas and tables for the calculation
of the inductance of coils of polygonal form," Sci. Pap. #468,
Scientific Papers of the Bureau of Standards 18, 737-762 (1922)
Grover 1946:
Frederick W. Grover, _Inductance Calculations, Working Formulas
and Tables_, Van Nostrand, 1946; Dover, 1962
Rosa 1906:
Sci. Pap. #31, Bulletin of the Bureau of Standards 2, 161
Skilling 1948:
H. H. Skilling, _Fundamentals of Electric Waves_,
Wiley, 1948, pp 99-101.
Snow 1952:
Chester Snow, "Formulas for Computing Capacitance and Inductance,"
National Bureau of Standards circular #544
See the section "Radio Formulae" in _Handbook of
Chemistry and Physics_, Chemical Rubber Publishing Co.,
for toroidal and rectangular coils, loops, straight wire, etc.
AUTHORS:
Program by Steve MOSHIER
email: moshier@world.std.com
and Emil LAURENTIU
email: emil@interlog.com
This program is "cardware" that means if you like this program and you use
it you should send me a post card. (This is a _must_, otherwise I will never
upload my programs again :-). Please send me a postcard with a nature
landscape from your country on the following address:
Emil LAURENTIU
Str. Drumea Radulescu nr.42 sect.4
Bucharest cod 75126
ROMANIA
I am in Canada now, but please send the post-cards to the address in
Romania because that one is a stable one.
My latest email address (together with my PGP public key) can be found by
querying the PGP key-servers (send email with subject line "MGET laurentiu"
to one of these servers (for example to pgp-public-keys@kub.nl)).